Clinical psychology essay part 2

Clinical psychology essay part 2 Clinical psychology essay part 2 Clinical psychology essay part 2Clinical psychology   essay part  1Neuropsychological Testing in the Diagnosis of Dementia.According to the article, neuropsychological tests that focus on the domain of memory impairment are well established with recognized predictive value for dementia diagnoses. What other neuropsychological domains does the author feel are important in dementia diagnoses despite the existence of only a limited number of tools to assess them?Neuropsychological testing proved to be effective for the diagnosis of dementia at its early stage, as it is especially important to recognize the first signs of the disease. The most common diagnosis of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease that is characterized by memory impairment. Neuropsychological tests are effective for assessing this domain and detecting the memory deficit at an early stage of the dementia development. However, other neuropsychological domains are harder to assess as there are fewer tools for their observation.Among other neuropsychological domains mentioned in the article by Mary Sano are executive function and pathophysiological deficits. In order to assess these domains, new technologies and better tools are required. Thus, among the new technologies functional imaging can be mentioned. Improved tools for assessing special cognitive domains might help in identifying a wider range of various cognitive deficits at early stages of the dementia development. However, the author of the article made it clear that neuropsychological testing is an effective tool of detecting cognitive deficits in elderly people and patients who suffer from dementia. Such method proved to be an effective clinical utility, even though there is a need for better assessment tools when investigating other domains such as executive function.In such a way, neuropsychological testing cannot be applied when assessing domains other than memory impairment. And it is up to neuropsychologists to find better mea ns of assessing other domains, mainly executive function and various pathophysiological impairments. Still, neuropsychological testing is undoubtedly a fruitful way of dementia diagnosing at an early stage of the disease development.What weaknesses does the author identify in the current criteria for dementia diagnoses?Although neuropsychological testing proved to be an effective instrument of diagnosing patients who suffer from dementia, it cannot be called efficient in evaluating executive function and other important domains. It is all due to the lack of normative data and unavailability of necessary tools that would help in assessing the domains other than cognitive impairment. This is the first and major weakness of neuropsychological testing.In addition, there is one more limitation as for the current diagnostic criteria. It includes the fact that neuropsychological testing ignores cognitive complaint as it is mostly focused on cognitive impairment. It is probably due to the l ow correlation between the neuropsychological diagnosing and cognitive complaint. However, it is true that cognitive complaint is distressing and thus, it should be included into the criteria for dementia diagnosing.One more weakness of the current criteria is the lack of appropriate methodology to assess the impairment in occupational and social functioning to full extent. In this regard, it is worth saying that the neuropsychological testing lacks tools for evaluating cognitive impairment as they are not fully developed and cannot predict decline. As for executive function, planning and sequencing seem to be more predictive of the functional loss. Thus, to improve the current criteria for dementia diagnosing, there need to be stronger tools, methodology and other instruments of evaluating the cases of dementia at its early stage. However, the current criteria lack many important instruments that would help achieve this goal.In this regard, neuropsychological testing has many weakn esses that should be dealt with in order to provide a fully developed investigation of dementia. Nevertheless, neuropsychological testing undoubtedly has a number of strong sides as well and can be regarded as an effective method of diagnosing patients with dementia.Article 3Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: An Effectiveness Study.This article examined the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy. What experimental design was employed in the study (i.e., between-subjects or within-subjects, longitudinal or cross-sectional)?The article under discussion investigates the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy. The researchers employed a single-group, within-subjects, longitudinal experimental design. The participants of the psychodynamic psychotherapy were all adults. The study provides important and valuable information in the area of the moderating outcome variables that underwent certain limitations in the previous studies related to psychodynamic psychotherapy. This was carrie d out within a longitudinal context by using the empirical measure. Furthermore, the results of the study indicated the significance of the first three months of treatment. The research has shown considerable effectiveness of the psychodynamic psychotherapy in the above-mentioned context. It is a significant break-through as the previous researches on the matter of psychodynamic treatment have been severely criticized for lacking the longitudinal component, insufficient attention to moderating variables and deficit of the empirical measure. All this makes it clear that the current effectiveness study of the psychodynamic psychotherapy proved to be effective in many ways. It is presumably due to the fact that the authors of the research employed the effective experimental design that is characterized as single-group, longitudinal and within-subjects. This gives an understanding that such experimental design is one of the most efficient ones in evaluating the effectiveness of psychody namic psychotherapy and is advised to be employed in further investigations on this matter. On the whole, the study has given enough evidence of high efficiency of the psychodynamic psychotherapy used for treating various psychological and psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and many other psychological disorders. Finally, it needs to be admitted that the current study proved to be more efficient than all of the previous ones.According to the study, was psychodynamic psychotherapy effective? If so, what was the effect size of the change produced?Findings of the study suggest that the psychodynamic psychotherapy is effective over time. The analysis given in the article makes it clear that such treatment produces a moderate effect over time and it is particularly important to employ psychodynamic psychotherapy during the first three months of treatment. Findings show a general course of recovery with certain between-group variability. Thus, the study proved to be quite e ffective for treating various psychological disorders, mainly depression and anxiety. The psychodynamic psychotherapy has shown moderate effectiveness within different groups of patients. Although the overall effect size of such treatment is moderate, the therapy should be considered effective for treating a number of personality disorders.According to the results of the study, the symptom distress subscale had an effect size of .38, which is the highest among all of the three subscales ranging from .28 to .38. However, the OQ total score managed to produce a significantly stronger effect size comprising .41. It should be admitted, that in all of the cases, most of the changes took place during the first three months of employing the psychodynamic psychotherapy. The first three months of treatment are considered to be the most important period leading to the stronger effect size.However, the actual treatment effect was lower than it was anticipated. The average effect size in the cu rrent study comprised .33, which is less than the effect size described in the existing literature on this matter. On the whole, it is to be admitted that according to the current study, psychodynamic psychotherapy appears to be moderately effective for treating different psychological and personality disorders. However, in most cases, the effectiveness of such therapy becomes especially evident only after the first three months of treatment.

What You Can Learn From the FHLC

What You Can Learn From the FHLC The Family History Library Catalog, the gem of the Family History Library, describes over 2 million rolls of microfilm and hundreds of thousands of books and maps. It does not contain the actual records, however, only descriptions of them - but is an important step in the digital genealogy process for learning about what records might be available for your area of interest. The records described in the Family History Library Catalog (FHLC) come from throughout the world. This catalog is also available on CD and microfiche at the Family History Library and at local Family History Centers, but to have it available for searching online is of amazing benefit. You can do much of your research from home at whatever time is convenient and, therefore, maximize your research time at your local Family History Center (FHC). To access the online version of the Family History Library Catalog go to the Familysearch homepage (www.familysearch.org) and select Library Catalog from the Library navigation tab at the top of the page. Here you are presented with the following options: Place Search - Use this option to find catalog entries about a place or for records from a place.Surname Search - Use this option to find catalog entries about records that include a specific surname, such as written family histories.Keyword Search - Use this option to find catalog entries about records that contain a certain word or phrase. You can use this to search for keywords in titles, authors, places, series, and subjects.Title Search - Use this option to find catalog entries about records that contain a certain word or combination of words in the title.Film/Fiche Search - Use a Film/Fiche Search to find the titles of items on a specific microfilm or microfiche in the Family History Library Catalog.Author Search - Use an Author Search to find the Author Details record for a person, church, society, government agency, and so forth identified as an author of a specific reference. The Author Details record lists titles linked to the author and may include notes and references.Cal l Number Search - Use a Call Number Search to find an item by its call number (the number used to locate items on the shelves in the Family History Library or the FamilySearch Center). Lets start with the place search, as this is the one that we find the most useful. The place search screen contains two boxes: PlacePart of (optional) In the first box, type the place you want to find entries for. We  would suggest that you start your search with a very specific place name, such as a city, town or county. The Family History Library contains a huge amount of information and if you search on something broad (such as a country) you will end up with too many results to wade through. The second field is optional. Since many places have the same names, you can limit your search by adding a jurisdiction (a larger geographic area that includes your search location) of the place you want to find. For example, you can add the state name in the second box after entering a county name in the first box. If you do not know the name of the jurisdiction, then just search on the location name itself. The catalog will return a list of all jurisdictions which contain that particular place name and you can then select the one which best meets your expectations. Place Search Tips Keep in mind while searching, that the names of the countries in the FHL catalog are in English, but the names of the states, provinces, regions, cities, towns and other jurisdictions are in the language of the country in which they are located. Place Search will only find the information if it is part of the place-name. For example, if we  searched for North Carolina in the above example, our results list would show places named North Carolina (there is only one - the U.S. State of N.C.), but it would not list places in North Carolina. To see places that are part of North Carolina, select View Related Places. The next screen would display all counties in North Carolina. To see the towns in one of the counties, you would click on the county, then click View Related Places again. The more specific you make your search, the shorter your lists of results will be. If you have trouble finding a specific location, dont just conclude that the catalog does not have records for that place. There are many reasons why you may be having difficulties. Before you give up your search, be sure to try the following strategies: Be sure you typed the place-name correctly.If you qualified your search with another jurisdiction, try the search again without this qualification.Search for records using a larger jurisdiction. For example, if you cannot find records for a town, search for county records. Once you locate the place for which you are looking, you will be presented with a list of places. If you qualified your search with another jurisdiction, the list should be short. If you did not qualify your search, the list may be long. If the list shows the place you want, click on the place-name to see the Place Details record. This records usually contain the following items: View Related Places  - Clicking on this button will give you a list of other places you might be interested in.Notes  - A few historical facts and details about the placeTopics  - A list of topics for which records are available that relate to the place that you are looking for. This list might include such topics as: biographies, cemeteries, census records, church records, guardianship records, history, land and property records, maps, military history, tax records, vital records, voting records, etc. To best explain what is available in the Family History Library Catalog, it is easiest to take you step-by-step through a search. Begin by doing a  place search  for Edgecombe. The only result will be for Edgecombe County, North Carolina - so next select this option. From the list of available topics for Edgecombe County, North Carolina, we are  first going to select Bible Records, as this is the first source which the Catalog Helper suggested for information on our great, great grandmothers maiden name. The next screen which comes up lists the titles and authors available for the topic which we selected. In our case, there is only one Bible Record entry listed. Topic: North Carolina, Edgecombe - Bible recordsTitles:  Bible records of early Edgecombe Williams, Ruth Smith Click on one of your result titles to learn more information. Now you are given the complete catalog entry of the title you selected. [blockquote shadeyes]Title:  Bible records of early EdgecombeStmnt.Resp.:  by Ruth Smith Williams and Margarette Glenn GriffinAuthors:  Williams, Ruth Smith (Main Author) Griffin, Margarette Glenn (Added Author)Notes:  Includes index.Subjects:  North Carolina, Edgecombe - Vital records North Carolina, Edgecombe - Bible recordsFormat:  Books/Monographs (On Fiche)Language:  EnglishPublication:  Salt Lake City: Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1992Physical:  5 microfiche reels; 11 x 15 cm. If this title has been microfilmed, the View Film Notes button appears. Click on it to see a description of the microfilm(s) or microfiche and to obtain microfilm or microfiche numbers for ordering the film through your local Family History Center. Most items can be ordered for viewing at your local Family History Center, though a few cannot due to licensing regulations. Before ordering microfilms or microfiche, please check the Notes field for your title. Any restrictions on the use of the item will be mentioned there. [blockquote shadeyes]  Title:  Bible records of early EdgecombeAuthors:  Williams, Ruth Smith (Main Author) Griffin, Margarette Glenn (Added Author)Note:  Bible records of early EdgecombeLocation:  Film FHL US/CAN Fiche 6100369 Congratulations! Youve found it. The FHL US/CAN Fiche number in the lower right-hand corner is the number which you will need to order this film from your local family history center. Place search is probably the most useful search for the FHLC, as the librarys collection is primarily organized by location. There are several other search options open to you, however. Each of these searches has a specific purpose for which it is very useful. The searches do not allow wildcard characters (*), but do allow you to type in only part of a search term (i.e. Cri for Crisp): Surname Search A surname search is primarily used to find published family histories. It will not find surnames listed in individual microfilm records such as census records. A surname search will provide you with a list of titles of catalog entries tied to surnames that match your search and the main author for each title. Some of the published family histories are only available in book form and have not been microfilmed. Books listed in the Family History Library Catalog cannot be sent to Family History Centers. You can request that a book is microfilmed, however (ask a staff member at your FHC for help), but this may take several months if the library has to obtain copyright permission to do so. It may be faster to try to obtain the book elsewhere, such as a public library or from the publisher. Author Search This search is primarily used to find catalog entries by or about a certain person, organization, church, etc. The author search finds records which include the name you typed as the author or the subject, so it is especially useful for finding biographies and autobiographies. If you are looking for a person, type the surname in the Surname or Corporate Name box. Unless you have a very rare surname, we would also type all or part of the first name in the First Name box to help limit your search. If you are looking for an organization, type all or part of the name into the Surname or Corporate box. Film/Fiche Search Use this search to find the titles of items on a specific microfilm or microfiche. It is a very exact search and will only return the titles on the particular microfilm or microfiche number that you input. The results will include an item summary and the author for each item on the microfilm. The Film Notes may contain a more detailed description of what is on the microfilm or microfiche. To view this additional information, select the title and then click on View Film Notes. Film/Fiche search is especially useful for finding the records available on a film/fiche which is listed as a reference in Ancestral File or the IGI. We also use the film/fiche search to look for additional background on any film we plan to order because sometimes the film/fiche search will include references to other relevant microfilm numbers. Call Number Search Use this search if you know the call number of a book or other printed source (maps, periodicals, etc.) and want to learn more about what records it contains. On a book’s label, call numbers are usually printed on two or more lines. To include both lines of the call number in your search, type in the information from the top line, then a space, and then the information from the bottom line. Unlike other searches, this one is case-sensitive, so be sure to type in upper and lower case letters where appropriate. Call number search is probably the least used of all of the searches, but can still be very useful in cases where people list an item and its call number as a reference source without any indication to the information which it contains. The online Family History Library Catalog is a window to the two million plus records (print and microfilm) which the Family History Library maintains in its collection. For those of us around the world who cant easily make it to Salt Lake City, UT, it is absolutely invaluable both as an avenue for research and as a learning tool. Practice using the different searches and play around with different techniques and you may find yourself amazed at the things you find.